Table 2. 

Comparison of article-level characteristics between complete RW data and sample

CharacteristicRetraction Watch1Sample1p-value2
N = 16,095N = 367
Time to retraction 1 [0, 3] 3 [1, 6] < 0.001 
(Missing) 33 0 
Crossref citations 2 [0, 11] 31 [10, 76] < 0.001 
(Missing) 593 0 
Retraction type < 0.001 
 Type 1 3,546 (22%) 104 (28%) 
 Type 2 4,289 (27%) 118 (32%) 
 Type 3 4,123 (26%) 22 (6.0%) 
 Type 4 2,534 (16%) 111 (30%) 
 Unknown 1,603 (10.0%) 12 (3.3%) 
(Missing) 0 0 
CharacteristicRetraction Watch1Sample1p-value2
N = 16,095N = 367
Time to retraction 1 [0, 3] 3 [1, 6] < 0.001 
(Missing) 33 0 
Crossref citations 2 [0, 11] 31 [10, 76] < 0.001 
(Missing) 593 0 
Retraction type < 0.001 
 Type 1 3,546 (22%) 104 (28%) 
 Type 2 4,289 (27%) 118 (32%) 
 Type 3 4,123 (26%) 22 (6.0%) 
 Type 4 2,534 (16%) 111 (30%) 
 Unknown 1,603 (10.0%) 12 (3.3%) 
(Missing) 0 0 
1

Statistics presented: Median [IQR]; n (%).

2

Statistical tests performed: Wilcoxon rank-sum test; chi-square test of independence.

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