Overview of the models.
| . | Type . | Data . | N . | Procedure . | Similarity . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SpaCy | Co-occurrence | Wikipedia and webcrawl | 300 | cBOW | Cosine |
| Affective similarties | Task-based | Valence, dominance, and arousal ratings | 3 | Human ratings extrapolated based on SWOW similarities | Euclidean |
| Small World of Words | Task-based | Semantic associations | NA | Random walk | Cosine |
| Phonological similarities | Phonological | Transcriptions from CLEARPOND | NA | Number of insertions, deletions or substitutions needed to change one string into the other | Levenshtein |
| Phonological neighbourhood density | Phonological | Total number of words that differed in the addition, deletion, or substitution of a single phoneme | 1 | NA | Absolute value of the difference in phonological neighbourhood density |
| Taxonomic structure | Taxonomy | WordNet v31 | NA | Knowledge graph where words are grouped into synsets | Wu & Palmer similarity |
| Experiential strength | Task-based | Lancaster sensorimotor norms | 12 | Human ratings for 39,707 concepts across six perceptual modalities and five action effectors | Cosine similarity |
| . | Type . | Data . | N . | Procedure . | Similarity . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SpaCy | Co-occurrence | Wikipedia and webcrawl | 300 | cBOW | Cosine |
| Affective similarties | Task-based | Valence, dominance, and arousal ratings | 3 | Human ratings extrapolated based on SWOW similarities | Euclidean |
| Small World of Words | Task-based | Semantic associations | NA | Random walk | Cosine |
| Phonological similarities | Phonological | Transcriptions from CLEARPOND | NA | Number of insertions, deletions or substitutions needed to change one string into the other | Levenshtein |
| Phonological neighbourhood density | Phonological | Total number of words that differed in the addition, deletion, or substitution of a single phoneme | 1 | NA | Absolute value of the difference in phonological neighbourhood density |
| Taxonomic structure | Taxonomy | WordNet v31 | NA | Knowledge graph where words are grouped into synsets | Wu & Palmer similarity |
| Experiential strength | Task-based | Lancaster sensorimotor norms | 12 | Human ratings for 39,707 concepts across six perceptual modalities and five action effectors | Cosine similarity |
Note. N: number of dimensions in the model. cBOW: continuous bag of words. SWOW: Small World of Words.