Definitions of open research and open science.
| Attribution . | Definition . |
|---|---|
| Foster Open Science | “Open Science is the practice of science in such a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research processes are freely available, under terms that enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction of the research and its underlying data and methods.” [3] |
| European Commission | “A broad term, covering the many exciting developments in how science is becoming more open, accessible, efficient, democratic, and transparent. This Open Science revolution is being driven by new, digital tools for scientific collaboration, experiments and analysis and which make scientific knowledge more easily accessible by professionals and the general public, anywhere, at any time.” [4] |
| Michael Nielsen | “the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process” [5] |
| Center of Open Science | “Openness and reproducibility are core scientific values because science is a distributed, non-hierarchical culture for accumulating knowledge. No individual is the arbiter of truth. Knowledge accumulates by sharing information and independently reproducing results.” [6] |
| Attribution . | Definition . |
|---|---|
| Foster Open Science | “Open Science is the practice of science in such a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research processes are freely available, under terms that enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction of the research and its underlying data and methods.” [3] |
| European Commission | “A broad term, covering the many exciting developments in how science is becoming more open, accessible, efficient, democratic, and transparent. This Open Science revolution is being driven by new, digital tools for scientific collaboration, experiments and analysis and which make scientific knowledge more easily accessible by professionals and the general public, anywhere, at any time.” [4] |
| Michael Nielsen | “the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process” [5] |
| Center of Open Science | “Openness and reproducibility are core scientific values because science is a distributed, non-hierarchical culture for accumulating knowledge. No individual is the arbiter of truth. Knowledge accumulates by sharing information and independently reproducing results.” [6] |