Bursting due to synaptic depression. (A) Bifurcation diagram of fixed points in for various values of . Stable (unstable) fixed points are marked by solid (dotted) lines. (B) Subcritical Hopf bifurctions give rise to limit cycles representing bursting behavior. Minimum and maximum of the limit cycle are depicted in green. Vertical lines indicate initialization points used for panels C to E. (C) Transient bursting induced by excitation. (D) Transient bursting induced by inhibition. (E) In the bistable regime, excitatory and inhibitory stimuli switch the system between sustained bursting and sustained regular firing. Microscopic network simulations were performed with neurons. Spikes are shown for 50 randomly selected neurons. Model parameters: , , , , .
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