Inhibitory couplings produce chaotic oscillations. (A). The phase plane (⁠$πQ$ vs $πA$⁠) and its projection (black) for different values of $J$ (at $h=-1$⁠). The number of points (for each $J$⁠) corresponds to the period of the associated oscillation. As $J$ is decreased, the oscillations become chaotic and aperiodic (orange). (B). Comparison of inhibitory (blue) to excitatory (orange) oscillations produced by our model. (C). Examples of different chaotic oscillatory patterns along with a histogram of $πA$ over time (inset). Here information is stored, not in the timing but in the probabilities of different amplitudes.